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| Name | 1.2 Step 4. Omoclavicular triangle; muscles forming the floor of the posterior triangle |
| Video Uploader | Video From Netter's Anatomy Dissections |
| Upload Date | This Video Uploaded At 10-05-2017 15:31:47 |
| Video Discription | These videos have been excerpted from Netter’s Video Dissection Modules on Student Consult. http://bit.ly/2oEt9CO Step 4 Remove the fascia that covers the posterior triangle of the neck to expose its boundaries: The sternocleidomastoid muscle, the trapezius muscle, and clavicle. Identify the tendon and inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle and the omoclavicular, or subclavian triangle. The boundaries of this triangle are: the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle, the clavicle, and the tendon and inferior belly of the omohyoid muscle. Note that embalming took place through this triangle. Try to preserve the previously identified nerves emerging from the posterior border of the sternocleidomastoid muscle. These are the great auricular, transverse cervical, and the supraclavicular nerves. Review the position of the accessory nerve. Then remove the pre-vertebral fascia covering the floor of the posterior triangle and tentatively identify the muscles of the floor: The splenius cervicis, levator scapulae, and the posterior scalene, middle scalene and anterior scalene muscles. These muscles will be identified by their attachments in a later step. Key Terms • Posterior (cervical) triangle of the neck: the area of the neck that is bounded posteriorly by the trapezius, anteriorly by the sternocleidomastoid and inferiorly by the clavicle N26. The floor of the posterior triangle is formed by the splenius muscles, the levator scapula, the three scalene muscles and the inferior belly of the omohyoid N26. It has a superior subdivision called the occipital triangle and a small inferior part called the omoclavicular or subclavian triangle, the division between the two being formed by the inferior belly of the omohyoid. The triangle is covered by the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia and in part by the overlying platysma muscle N25. Major contents include the accessory nerve and accompanying lymphatics N72, the roots of the brachial and cervical plexuses N31, and the subclavian artery and vein. • Sternocleidomastoid muscle: the prominent superficial muscle of the anterior neck that extends from the sternum and clavicle to the mastoid process N27. The muscle is innervated by the accessory nerve and acts to flex and rotate the head to the contralateral side and to assist the scalene muscles in stabilizing and elevating the first rib during forced inspiration. The efferent innervation is by the accessory nerve and the sensory innervation by the cervical plexus N30. • Trapezius: the large superficial muscle covering most of the posterior neck and thorax N409; it plays a major role in stabilizing and positioning the scapula. This muscle is named according to the shape of the combined right and left muscles N409. It has extensive origins from midline structures (external occipital protuberance and adjacent superior nuchal line of skull N175, ligamentum nuchae, and spinous processes of the thoracic vertebrae). Fibers insert into the spine of scapula, acromion and clavicle) N406. Upper fibers elevate the shoulder (as in shrugging), lower fibers depress the scapula; acting together they stabilize the scapula. Upper fibers also rotate the scapula upward (laterally) and the lower fibers rotate it downward (medially). It is innervated by cranial nerve XI (accessory nerve). Sensory innervation is from spinal nerves C3 and C4, which join the accessory nerve as it runs superficially down the lateral side of the neck N31 N128 before descending along the deep surface of the trapezius N174. • Omohyoid muscle: a thin ribbon-like muscle with superior and inferior bellies and an intermediate tendon N30. The inferior belly arises from the area of the suprascapular notch on the superior border of the scapula N405. The intermediate tendon is bound to the clavicle by fibrous tissue, and the superior belly passes deep to the sternocleidomastoid to insert into the inferior surface of the lateral side of the body of the hyoid bone N27. The binding of the tendon to the clavicle is responsible for a difference in the orientation of the two bellies; the inferior belly is nearly horizontal and the superior belly more vertical. The muscle is innervated by branches of the ansa cervicalis and functions to depress the hyoid bone. ABOUT: The project was made possible by several very dedicated faculty and staff at University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill--especially O.W. Henson and Noelle A. Granger--and partner schools, and by a grant from the Fund for the Improvement of Post-Secondary Education of the US Department of Education. This channel includes over 400 short videos highlighting the steps in a full-body human dissection in the gross anatomy lab. Each step is narrated and key structures labeled. |
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